Some conditions can cause the stomach to move food out at a much slower rate. Because of this delayed functioning, the stomach can become overloaded and food backs up into the esophagus. Examples of diseases or conditions that delay stomach emptying are diabetes, scleroderma, anorexia nervosa, nervous system disorders such as stroke, brain tumors, head injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, inadequate thyroid, pregnancy, and chronic kidney failure.
In addition, various operations on the stomach and duodenum, including ulcer and gastric bypass surgery, may delay stomach emptying. Use of alcohol and various medications may also slow down the stomach.